Blog
GRANDPA
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Polkadot v1.0: Sharding and Economic Security
This post is about the technology powering Polkadot. Polkadot is a sharded blockchain with heterogeneous shards.
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Polkadot Research Update
Several articles have recently been added to the Web3 Foundation research portal covering individual subprotocols of the Polkadot decentralized blockchain platform: nominated proof of stake (NPoS), time consensus and GRANDPA (the finality gadget implemented for the relay chain).
![](https://cms.polkadot.network/content/images/2020/06/image1.png)
An Updated Overview of Polkadot
The new paper Overview of Polkadot and its Design Considerations expands on the white paper, presenting a comprehensive and updated description of Polkadot’s design components and subprotocols. Some of these are outlined here.
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Polkadot Consensus Part 2: GRANDPA
In the introduction to this series, I outlined that a consensus algorithm helps a network of computers answer three questions. GRANDPA addresses the second.